August 2025

1. Introduction 2. JDBC Architecture Component Purpose DriverManager Manages database drivers Connection Represents a connection to the database Statement Used to execute SQL queries ResultSet Holds data returned from queries 3. Steps to Connect Database Class.forName(“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”); Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname”,”user”,”password”); Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM Students”); while(rs.next()) {     System.out.println(rs.getString(“name”) +…

1. Definition 2. Applet Lifecycle Methods Method Purpose init() Initialize applet; called once at start start() Called after init() or when applet restarts paint(Graphics g) Draws text or graphics on the screen stop() Called when applet is stopped or browser leaves destroy() Cleanup resources before applet removal 3. Running Applets 4. GUI Components in Applets…

1. Introduction to Java GUI Applications 2. JFrame – Top-Level Window JFrame frame = new JFrame(“My Window”); frame.setSize(400, 300); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 3. Swing Components Component Description JLabel Displays text or images JTextField Single-line input field JButton Clickable button JCheckBox Toggle option JRadioButton Select one option from group JComboBox Drop-down list JTextArea Multi-line text input JTable…

1. Introduction 2. Core Interfaces Interface Description Collection Root interface for most collection classes List Ordered collection, allows duplicates Set Unordered, no duplicates Map Key-value pair mapping Queue FIFO structure, supports priority queue 3. List Interface List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(“Java”); list.add(“Python”); for(String s : list) System.out.println(s); 4. Set Interface Set<Integer> set = new…

1. Introduction to Core Packages 2. java.lang Package Primitive Wrapper Class int Integer double Double char Character boolean Boolean byte Byte long Long float Float short Short Example: int a = 10; Integer obj = Integer.valueOf(a);  // primitive → object int b = obj.intValue();            // object → primitive 3. java.util…

1. Introduction 2. java.io Package 3. Byte Streams Example: FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“input.txt”); int i; while((i = fis.read()) != -1) {     System.out.print((char)i); } fis.close(); 4. Character Streams Example: FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(“output.txt”); fw.write(“Hello Java I/O”); fw.close(); 5. Console Input/Output Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print(“Enter name: “); String name = sc.nextLine(); 6. File…

1. Introduction to Threads 2. Creating Threads There are two ways to create threads in Java: class MyThread extends Thread {     public void run() {         System.out.println(“Thread running”);     } } MyThread t = new MyThread(); t.start();  // starts the thread, calls run() class MyRunnable implements Runnable {     public void run() {         System.out.println(“Runnable thread running”);     } }…

1. Introduction to Strings Example: String str = “Hello”; 2. Creating Strings String str = “Hello”; String str = new String(“Hello”); 3. String Concatenation String s1 = “Hello”, s2 = “World”; String result = s1 + ” ” + s2;       // “Hello World” String result2 = s1.concat(” “).concat(s2); 4. String Conversion int…

1. Introduction to Exceptions Example: Division by zero, file not found, null reference. 2. Types of Exceptions 3. Exception Handling Keywords Syntax Example: try {     int result = 10 / 0; } catch (ArithmeticException e) {     System.out.println(“Cannot divide by zero: ” + e); } finally {     System.out.println(“Execution completed.”); } 4. User-Defined Exceptions class MyException extends…

1. Inheritance Example: class Vehicle { void start() { System.out.println(“Vehicle started”); } } class Car extends Vehicle { void playMusic() { System.out.println(“Music playing”); } } 2. Method Overriding 3. Object Class 4. Abstract and Final Classes abstract class Shape { abstract void draw(); } final class Constants { … } 5. Packages Creating a Package:…