Concept of Research in Social Science
Research in social science refers to a systematic investigation of human behavior, societies, and social phenomena. It involves collecting and analyzing data to understand social patterns, institutions, and interactions.
- Example: A study on the impact of social media on mental health.
Understanding the Concept of Research Methods
Social science research follows structured methods to gather, interpret, and analyze data. The main research methods include:
1. Qualitative Research
- Focuses on descriptive and exploratory data.
- Uses words, narratives, and meanings rather than numbers.
- Example: Interviews with students about online learning experiences.
2. Quantitative Research
- Focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis.
- Uses surveys, experiments, and structured observations.
- Example: Measuring the percentage of mobile users in Nepal.
3. Mixed-Method Research
- Combines both qualitative and quantitative methods.
- Example: A study that uses surveys for numerical data and interviews for deeper insights.
Techniques and Tools for Social Science Research
1. Interview
A structured conversation between a researcher and participants to collect in-depth information.
- Types:
- Structured Interviews (pre-defined questions).
- Unstructured Interviews (open-ended questions).
- Semi-structured Interviews (mix of both).
- Example: Interviewing elderly people about cultural changes in Nepal.
2. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
A small-group discussion where participants express views on a topic.
- Used for: Collecting community opinions, social trends, and policy evaluation.
- Example: Discussing women’s participation in politics in Nepal.
3. Observation
A direct method of studying social behavior in natural settings.
- Types:
- Participant Observation (researcher is involved in the setting).
- Non-participant Observation (researcher only observes).
- Example: Observing interactions in a classroom to study student behavior.
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed-Method Approaches
| Method | Focus | Example |
| Qualitative | Understanding social behavior and experiences | Interviewing farmers about climate change effects |
| Quantitative | Statistical data and numerical analysis | Surveying 500 students on online education preferences |
| Mixed-Method | Combination of both approaches | Using surveys and interviews to study work-life balance |
Importance of Social Science Research
✔ Helps in policy-making (e.g., government education policies).
✔ Solves social issues (e.g., reducing poverty, improving healthcare).
✔ Predicts future trends (e.g., technology’s impact on jobs).
✔ Enhances understanding of social change (e.g., urbanization trends).
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